Just for fun...
Feb. 22nd, 2008 02:49 pm![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
ostarellaMentioned to JFM that I was doing some research and this came up - I've cut back to just "notes" from the article, but I think it fits canon Face pretty well - what do you think? ;-)
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER
lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and emotional coldness
four central schizoid themes; firstly, the need to regulate interpersonal distance as a central focus of concern; secondly, the ability to mobilize self-preservative defenses and self-reliance; thirdly a pervasive tension between the anxiety laden need for attachment, and the defensive need for distance, which manifests in observable behavior as indifference; and fourthly an overvaluation of the inner world at the expense of the outer world
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND PROFILE
Emotional coldness, detachment or reduced affection; Limited capacity to express either positive or negative emotions towards others; Consistent preference for solitary activities; Very few (if any) close friends or relationships, and a lack of desire for such; Taking pleasure in few, if any, activities; indifference to social norms and conventions.
DSM-IV-TR CRITERIA
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings: almost always chooses solitary activities; takes pleasure in few, if any, activities; shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
PDM CRITERIA
Central tension/preoccupation: Fear of closeness/longing for closeness
Central affects: General emotional pain when overstimulated, affects so powerful they feel they must suppress them
Characteristic pathogenic belief about self: Dependency and love are dangerous
Central ways of defending: Withdrawal, both physically and into fantasy and idiosyncratic preoccupations
GUNTRIP CRITERIA
INTROVERSION
The schizoid individual, therefore, is primarily concerned with avoiding danger and ensuring safety
WITHDRAWNNESS
There are many fundamentally schizoid people who present with an engaging, interactive personality style... And who describe themselves as available, interested, engaged, and involved in interacting in the eyes of the observer, while, at the same time, he or she is apart, emotionally withdrawn, and sequestered in a safe place in his or her own internal world.
First, what meets the objective eye may not be what is present in the subjective, internal world of the patient. Second, one should not mistake introversion for indifference. Third, one should not miss identifying the schizoid patient because one cannot see the forest of the patient’s withdrawnness through the trees of the patient’s defensive, compensatory, engaging interaction with external reality
NARCISSISM
His love objects are all inside him and moreover he is greatly identified with them so that his libidinal attachments appear to be in himself. The need for attachment as a primary motivational force is as strong in the schizoid person as in any other human being. The narcissism of the schizoid - that is, the fact that his or her love objects are inside the person - is a consequence of the fact that it is only by identifying those love objects as being inside that the schizoid will feel safe from the anxieties associated with connecting and attaching to objects in the real world.
SELF-SUFFICIENCY
The more that schizoids can rely on themselves, the less they have to rely on other people and so expose themselves to the potential dangers and anxieties associated with that reliance or, even worse, dependence.
SENSE OF SUPERIORITY
The sense of superiority of the schizoid has nothing to do with the grandiose self of the narcissistic disorder. "If I am superior to others, if I am above others, then I do not need others. When I say that I am above others, it does not mean that I feel better than them, it means that I am at a distance from them, a safe distance. It is a feeling of being vertically displaced, rather than horizontally at a distance."
LOSS OF AFFECT
there is inevitable interference in the desire and ability to feel another person’s experience, to be empathic and sensitive. Often these things seem secondary, a luxury that has to await securing one’s own defensive, safe position. More frequently, the loss of affect is manifest within the patient as genuine confusion, a sense of something missing in his or her emotional life.
LONELINESS
"Loneliness is an inescapable result of schizoid introversion and abolition of external relationships. It reveals itself in the intense longing for friendship and love which repeatedly break through. Loneliness in the midst of a crowd is the experience of the schizoid cut off from affective rapport." The longing for friendship and love repeatedly break through, and, in so doing, put a lie to the portrayal of the schizoid as indifferent. Such longing, however, may not break through except in the schizoid’s fantasy life, to which the therapist may not be allowed access for quite a long period in treatment.
The schizoid individual who becomes a patient does so often because of the twin motivations of loneliness and longing. The psychotherapist misreads the patient by believing that the patient’s wariness is indifference and that caution is coldness.
DEPERSONALIZATION
a tuning out or a turning off, or as the experience of a separation between the observing and the participating ego. depersonalization is a more acute defense against more immediate experiences of overwhelming anxiety or danger.
REGRESSION
Regression inward speaks to the magnitude of the reliance on primitive forms of fantasy and self-containment, often of an autoerotic or even objectless nature.... Regression backwards to the safety of the womb is a unique schizoid phenomenon and represents the most intense form of schizoid defensive withdrawal in an effort to find safety and to avoid destruction by external reality. The fantasy of regression to the womb is the fantasy of regression to a place of ultimate safety.
SELF IMAGE
“observers rather than participants in the world around them.”
RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS
people with SPD “feel lost” without the people they are normally around because they need a sense of security and stability. However, when the patient’s personal space is violated, they feel suffocated and feel the need to free themselves and be independent. happiest when they are in a relationship in which the partner places few emotional or intimate demands on them. This means that it is possible for schizoid individuals to form relationships with others based on intellectual, physical, familial, occupational, or recreational activities as long as these modes of relating do not require or force the need for emotional intimacy, which latter mandate the individual will reject..
Most individuals diagnosed with SPD have difficulty establishing personal relationships or expressing their feelings in a meaningful way, and may remain passive in the face of unfavourable situations. Their communication with other people at times may be indifferent and concise.
SCHIZOID SEXUALITY
Significantly broadening this picture are notable exceptions of SPD individuals who engage in occasional or even frequent sexual activities with others. reduce the quantity of emotional intimacy focused within a single relationship; he may more or less restrict a relationship to merely sexual contacts and not share other experiences with the partner. "schizoid hunger" may manifest as sexual promiscuity.
THE 'SECRET SCHIZOID'
there are many fundamentally schizoid individuals who present with an engaging, interactive personality style which contradicts the timidity, reluctance, or avoidance of the external world and interpersonal relationships as emphasized by the DSM-IV and ICD-10 definitions of the schizoid personality. while at the same time, he or she is apart, emotionally withdrawn, and sequestered in a safe place in his or her own internal world. should not miss identifying the schizoid patient because one cannot see the patient’s withdrawnness through the patient’s defensive, compensatory, engaging interaction with external reality. the schizoid individual is able to express quite a lot of feeling and to make what appear to be impressive social contacts but in reality giving nothing and losing nothing, because since he is only playing a part his own personality is not involved. actually "enjoys" regular public speaking engagements, but experiences great difficulty in the breaks when audience members would attempt to engage him emotionally.
FEARFUL-AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT
People with a fearful style of avoidant attachment tend to agree with the following statements: "I am somewhat uncomfortable getting close to others. I want emotionally close relationships, but I find it difficult to trust others completely, or to depend on them. I sometimes worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others." People with this attachment style have mixed feelings about close relationships. On the one hand, they desire to have emotionally close relationships. On the other hand, they tend to feel uncomfortable with emotional closeness. These mixed feelings are combined with negative views about themselves and their partners. They commonly view themselves as unworthy of responsiveness from their partners, and they don't trust the intentions of their partners. Similarly to the dismissive-avoidant attachment style, people with a fearful-avoidant attachment style seek less intimacy from partners and frequently suppress and hide their feelings.
OTHER ISSUES
Under stress, some people with schizoid personality features may occasionally experience instances of brief reactive psychosis. Fantasy is also relationship with the world and with others by proxy.
The substitute of a nonhuman for a human object serves as a schizoid defense.
TREATMENT
people with this personality type may not care if they are seen as having a mental disorder, so they generally do not seek psychological treatment except when they are compelled to
lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, and emotional coldness
four central schizoid themes; firstly, the need to regulate interpersonal distance as a central focus of concern; secondly, the ability to mobilize self-preservative defenses and self-reliance; thirdly a pervasive tension between the anxiety laden need for attachment, and the defensive need for distance, which manifests in observable behavior as indifference; and fourthly an overvaluation of the inner world at the expense of the outer world
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA AND PROFILE
Emotional coldness, detachment or reduced affection; Limited capacity to express either positive or negative emotions towards others; Consistent preference for solitary activities; Very few (if any) close friends or relationships, and a lack of desire for such; Taking pleasure in few, if any, activities; indifference to social norms and conventions.
DSM-IV-TR CRITERIA
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings: almost always chooses solitary activities; takes pleasure in few, if any, activities; shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
PDM CRITERIA
Central tension/preoccupation: Fear of closeness/longing for closeness
Central affects: General emotional pain when overstimulated, affects so powerful they feel they must suppress them
Characteristic pathogenic belief about self: Dependency and love are dangerous
Central ways of defending: Withdrawal, both physically and into fantasy and idiosyncratic preoccupations
GUNTRIP CRITERIA
INTROVERSION
The schizoid individual, therefore, is primarily concerned with avoiding danger and ensuring safety
WITHDRAWNNESS
There are many fundamentally schizoid people who present with an engaging, interactive personality style... And who describe themselves as available, interested, engaged, and involved in interacting in the eyes of the observer, while, at the same time, he or she is apart, emotionally withdrawn, and sequestered in a safe place in his or her own internal world.
First, what meets the objective eye may not be what is present in the subjective, internal world of the patient. Second, one should not mistake introversion for indifference. Third, one should not miss identifying the schizoid patient because one cannot see the forest of the patient’s withdrawnness through the trees of the patient’s defensive, compensatory, engaging interaction with external reality
NARCISSISM
His love objects are all inside him and moreover he is greatly identified with them so that his libidinal attachments appear to be in himself. The need for attachment as a primary motivational force is as strong in the schizoid person as in any other human being. The narcissism of the schizoid - that is, the fact that his or her love objects are inside the person - is a consequence of the fact that it is only by identifying those love objects as being inside that the schizoid will feel safe from the anxieties associated with connecting and attaching to objects in the real world.
SELF-SUFFICIENCY
The more that schizoids can rely on themselves, the less they have to rely on other people and so expose themselves to the potential dangers and anxieties associated with that reliance or, even worse, dependence.
SENSE OF SUPERIORITY
The sense of superiority of the schizoid has nothing to do with the grandiose self of the narcissistic disorder. "If I am superior to others, if I am above others, then I do not need others. When I say that I am above others, it does not mean that I feel better than them, it means that I am at a distance from them, a safe distance. It is a feeling of being vertically displaced, rather than horizontally at a distance."
LOSS OF AFFECT
there is inevitable interference in the desire and ability to feel another person’s experience, to be empathic and sensitive. Often these things seem secondary, a luxury that has to await securing one’s own defensive, safe position. More frequently, the loss of affect is manifest within the patient as genuine confusion, a sense of something missing in his or her emotional life.
LONELINESS
"Loneliness is an inescapable result of schizoid introversion and abolition of external relationships. It reveals itself in the intense longing for friendship and love which repeatedly break through. Loneliness in the midst of a crowd is the experience of the schizoid cut off from affective rapport." The longing for friendship and love repeatedly break through, and, in so doing, put a lie to the portrayal of the schizoid as indifferent. Such longing, however, may not break through except in the schizoid’s fantasy life, to which the therapist may not be allowed access for quite a long period in treatment.
The schizoid individual who becomes a patient does so often because of the twin motivations of loneliness and longing. The psychotherapist misreads the patient by believing that the patient’s wariness is indifference and that caution is coldness.
DEPERSONALIZATION
a tuning out or a turning off, or as the experience of a separation between the observing and the participating ego. depersonalization is a more acute defense against more immediate experiences of overwhelming anxiety or danger.
REGRESSION
Regression inward speaks to the magnitude of the reliance on primitive forms of fantasy and self-containment, often of an autoerotic or even objectless nature.... Regression backwards to the safety of the womb is a unique schizoid phenomenon and represents the most intense form of schizoid defensive withdrawal in an effort to find safety and to avoid destruction by external reality. The fantasy of regression to the womb is the fantasy of regression to a place of ultimate safety.
SELF IMAGE
“observers rather than participants in the world around them.”
RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS
people with SPD “feel lost” without the people they are normally around because they need a sense of security and stability. However, when the patient’s personal space is violated, they feel suffocated and feel the need to free themselves and be independent. happiest when they are in a relationship in which the partner places few emotional or intimate demands on them. This means that it is possible for schizoid individuals to form relationships with others based on intellectual, physical, familial, occupational, or recreational activities as long as these modes of relating do not require or force the need for emotional intimacy, which latter mandate the individual will reject..
Most individuals diagnosed with SPD have difficulty establishing personal relationships or expressing their feelings in a meaningful way, and may remain passive in the face of unfavourable situations. Their communication with other people at times may be indifferent and concise.
SCHIZOID SEXUALITY
Significantly broadening this picture are notable exceptions of SPD individuals who engage in occasional or even frequent sexual activities with others. reduce the quantity of emotional intimacy focused within a single relationship; he may more or less restrict a relationship to merely sexual contacts and not share other experiences with the partner. "schizoid hunger" may manifest as sexual promiscuity.
THE 'SECRET SCHIZOID'
there are many fundamentally schizoid individuals who present with an engaging, interactive personality style which contradicts the timidity, reluctance, or avoidance of the external world and interpersonal relationships as emphasized by the DSM-IV and ICD-10 definitions of the schizoid personality. while at the same time, he or she is apart, emotionally withdrawn, and sequestered in a safe place in his or her own internal world. should not miss identifying the schizoid patient because one cannot see the patient’s withdrawnness through the patient’s defensive, compensatory, engaging interaction with external reality. the schizoid individual is able to express quite a lot of feeling and to make what appear to be impressive social contacts but in reality giving nothing and losing nothing, because since he is only playing a part his own personality is not involved. actually "enjoys" regular public speaking engagements, but experiences great difficulty in the breaks when audience members would attempt to engage him emotionally.
FEARFUL-AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT
People with a fearful style of avoidant attachment tend to agree with the following statements: "I am somewhat uncomfortable getting close to others. I want emotionally close relationships, but I find it difficult to trust others completely, or to depend on them. I sometimes worry that I will be hurt if I allow myself to become too close to others." People with this attachment style have mixed feelings about close relationships. On the one hand, they desire to have emotionally close relationships. On the other hand, they tend to feel uncomfortable with emotional closeness. These mixed feelings are combined with negative views about themselves and their partners. They commonly view themselves as unworthy of responsiveness from their partners, and they don't trust the intentions of their partners. Similarly to the dismissive-avoidant attachment style, people with a fearful-avoidant attachment style seek less intimacy from partners and frequently suppress and hide their feelings.
OTHER ISSUES
Under stress, some people with schizoid personality features may occasionally experience instances of brief reactive psychosis. Fantasy is also relationship with the world and with others by proxy.
The substitute of a nonhuman for a human object serves as a schizoid defense.
TREATMENT
people with this personality type may not care if they are seen as having a mental disorder, so they generally do not seek psychological treatment except when they are compelled to
no subject
Date: 2008-02-22 10:50 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2008-02-22 11:11 pm (UTC)